Arbitration Clause Challenges For Arbitrator, Not Court, to Decide
Arbitration clauses, once used exclusively in commercial cases, now are commonly found in consumer and employment contracts. Some courts have expressed concern over clauses requiring arbitration in these contracts due to the potential for abuse because consumers and employees lack the bargaining power that commercial parties have. This concern was expressed by Montana Supreme Court Justice James Nelson in a case in which the court had to apply a recent holding by the U.S. Supreme Court.
In Buckeye Check Cashing, Inc. v. Cardegna, 546 U.S. _____ (2006) the U.S. Supreme Court decided the issue of whether the court or the arbitrator should determine whether a contract containing an arbitration clause was void for illegality. The Court held that “regardless of whether the challenge is brought in federal or state court, a challenge to the validity of the contract as a whole, and not specifically to the arbitration clause, must go to the arbitrator.”
In May, the Montana Supreme Court became the first state court to apply this holding in a case involving a challenge to a home financing loan involving an arbitration agreement (Martz v. Beneficial Montana, Inc. (No. 04-716, May 4, 2006).
In his concurring opinion in Martz, Justice James Nelson expressed his unhappiness with the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision, stating: “My frustration with our inability to reach a legally correct, fair and just result in this case stems directly from the fact that the United States Supreme Court has, from the beginning, improperly conflated the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) into something which Congress never intended it to be. Indeed, under the High Court's jurisprudence, the FAA and pre-dispute arbitration clauses in contracts of adhesion have now become little more than instruments of economic Darwinism by which predatory lenders-such as Beneficial and Buckeye-and other large corporations victimize main-street businesses, the unsophisticated, the elderly, the poor, and what is left of the middle class."
Despite its frustration with the U.S. Supreme Court’s holding, the Montana Supreme Court held that the arbitrator, and not the court, must decide whether the contract that contained the arbitration agreement was void for illegality.
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